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Motion control is the simplest function of
any Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machine
Motion control is the simplest function of any Computer
Numerical Control (CNC) machine. It is precise, consistent, and
automatic system of control. CNC equipments need two or more
modes of direction to which they are called axes. There are two
common axis types and they are called linear and rotary. The
linear axis type of motion control is driven along a straight
path while the rotary axis type is driven along a circular path.
What is Motion Control?
Motion control can be applied in many categories such as
robotics, CNC operated machine tools and Kinematics, wherein
motion control in kinematics are usually simpler. It can be
mainly used nowadays with packaging, textile, assembly
industries, printing, and semiconductor production. The hardware
of a motion controlled machine usually consists of drive
systems, motors, a computer, a PLC or Programmable Logic
Controller to run the programs, and an amplifier.
The basic design of a motion control system would include a
motion controller to produce a set of points including closing a
position, a drive or amplifier to convert the control signal of
the motion controller into a high power electrical current, an
actuator, one or more feedback sensors, and mechanical
components to convert the motion of the actuators to the desired
motion.
CNC machines use programmable commands to make inputting motion
to the machine easier rather than using cranks or other
conventional machine tools. Almost all CNC machine tools can
have programmable motion type (whether it would be rapid, linear
or circular), the amount of motion, the feedback rate, and the
axes to move.
Motion control is the simplest function of any Computer
Numerical Control (CNC) machine. It is precise, consistent, and
automatic system of control. CNC equipments need two or more
modes of direction to which they are called axes. There are two
common axis types and they are called linear and rotary. The
linear axis type of motion control is driven along a straight
path while the rotary axis type is driven along a circular path.
The operator of the motion controlled machine counting the
number of revolutions made on the handwheel, added the
generations of the dial would accomplish accurate positioning.
The drive motor of the machine would be rotated to a resulting
amount, which would then drive the ball screw, which would cause
the linear motion of the axis. The feedback device at the end of
the ball screw would confirm its revolutions.
The same linear motion can be found on a table vise. When you
rotate the vise crank, it would also rotate a lead screw, which
would then be able to drive the movable jaw in the table vise.
In comparison to a motor controlled CNC machine, the linear axis
in it is extremely precise compared to that of a table vise.
This is because the number of revolutions of the axis drive
motor in the CNC machine accurately controls the amount of
linear motion along the axis.
A CNC command programmed and executed within a control of a
machine would tell the drive motor of the machine as to how many
number of precise times it would rotate. This in turn would
rotate the ball screw then the ball screw would drive the linear
axis. After the process has started, a feedback device located
at the end of the ball screw would confirm the programmed number
of rotations that the machine would run has taken in effect.
How would axis motion be controlled?
Utilizing a form of coordinate system would make axis
controlling a whole lot simpler and more logical to the CNC
control. Two coordinate systems that are being used in CNC
machines that have been popular are rectangular and polar
coordinate system, to which the more popular of the two is the
rectangular coordinate system.
Graphing is a common application for the rectangular coordinate
system and is needed to cause movement in a CNC machine.
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